Dallas
214-456-2768
Fax: 214-456-6898
Plano
469-303-4200
Fax: 469-303-0655
At Children's Health℠, our experts in neurology and neuropsychology specialize in treating children with pediatric functional neurological disorder (FND). We work with the patient and their parents to get a full picture of what contributes to the child’s disorder and how they can manage their condition. Most children who develop FND will recover and live full, active lives.
214-456-2768
Fax: 214-456-6898
469-303-4200
Fax: 469-303-0655
FND is a common condition that can affect multiple types of movement or sensation. It is caused by abnormalities in how the brain responds to sensory information. The brain “misfires” and sends signals to the body by mistake. These abnormalities are present at birth and do not come from or cause injury to the structure of the brain. This makes the recovery of FND better, on average, than many brain-based disorders.
FND is sometimes confused with other conditions. Doctors used to call it “conversion disorder” or “psychogenic,” but these terms are not up to date with the latest science. You may also hear people refer to “functional movement disorder” or “non-epileptic seizures.” These are subtypes of FND.
Importantly, people with FND are not “faking it.” They are not consciously controlling their symptoms or using the symptoms to get attention.
Among adults, FND is the second-most common reason to see a neurologist (behind headache). This is likely the same for children, but the frequency of FND among kids has not been measured as carefully. Most children start to be at-risk for FND around age 7 or 8, with the odds of developing FND going up substantially in the teen years. Children can develop FND as young as 3-4 years, but this is rare.
There are four types of FND. Each type is named for the effect it has on the body, but all are thought to come from the same brain changes. A person can have more than one type of FND at a time, and the forms they have can change over time.
Symptoms of FND vary depending on the type. Symptoms may be constant, or they may come and go.
We diagnose FND by performing a careful physical exam. The symptoms of FND may look similar to the symptoms of other brain-based conditions, such as paralysis or seizures. Your doctor will watch your child perform different movements and tasks to identify the pattern of abnormalities. The way that their movements look and change throughout the exam will usually reveal whether they have FND or a different type of disorder.
In some cases, we may do additional tests to confirm a diagnosis or look for other health conditions.
FND seems to result from a combination of factors. The way a child’s brain is wired can set up the risk for FND. Then, certain experiences can “activate” that risk factor. For lots of children, that happens when they experience heightened emotions, such as nervousness or excitement.
Although emotions often play a role, we know that FND is not purely psychological. This is different from what experts used to think, when the condition was known as “conversion disorder.” That referred to people converting a highly emotional experience, like a narrowly avoided car crash, into some kind of physical symptom. But many people with FND have not had a shocking experience. So now we understand that it’s a blend of psychological and neurological symptoms.
FND is more common in people with anxiety and other mental health disorders, but it isn’t caused by those disorders. They just overlap in the same person. A child is more likely to have FND if a family member has it, because brain abnormalities are often inherited.
Children with FND often get better through a combination of physical therapy (PT), occupational therapy (OT) and counseling. Therapy usually involves physical tasks and exercises that help retrain a child’s brain to communicate with their body in the proper way.
Therapy can also help children identify the factors that trigger their symptoms. We may refer your child to a counselor in the community who can help with that.
A child’s condition may be tied to various factors in their lives and environment. We interview parents to get a full understanding of what may contribute to their child’s FND and how we can work together to help them get better.
No. Doctors may ask questions about this when treating your child, because some children with FND have experienced abuse or trauma. But most children diagnosed with this condition have not experienced abuse. This is one way that FND in adults is different from childhood FND.
Probably not. A person’s risk of developing FND is greater when someone else in their family has it. But that doesn’t mean that someone who has FND inherited it from their parents or will pass it to the next generation.