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Cáncer papilar tiroideo pediátrico
¿Qué es el cáncer papilar tiroideo pediátrico?
El cáncer papilar tiroideo es el tipo más frecuente de cáncer de la glándula tiroidea, que representa alrededor del 85 % al 90 % de todos los diagnósticos de cáncer tiroideo pediátrico.
¿Cuáles son los signos y síntomas del cáncer papilar tiroideo pediátrico?
Many children will not have any symptoms when they are diagnosed or until the disease has progressed. Papillary thyroid carcinoma is most commonly found as a lump or swelling in the neck. Parents may notice a change in their child’s voice, or their child may complain of neck or throat pain, difficulty breathing, or a “lump” in their throat when swallowing. Sometimes it is identified only incidentally after a radiologic study of the neck is ordered for another reason and a lesion is seen in the thyroid gland.
¿Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer papilar tiroideo pediátrico?
- Antecedentes y examen físico
- Análisis de sangre
- Las imágenes ecográficas,
- Aspiración con aguja fina
En función de los resultados de estos y de posibles estudios adicionales, se recomendará un plan de tratamiento.
¿Cuáles son las causas del cáncer papilar tiroideo pediátrico?
As with all types of cancers, papillary thyroid carcinoma is caused by the reproduction of abnormal cells forming what is known as a tumor. The exact trigger for this growth is unknown.
¿Cómo se trata el cáncer papilar tiroideo pediátrico?
El alcance del tratamiento quirúrgico y médico dependerá del alcance de la enfermedad.
Cirugía.
Initial treatment consists of surgical excision of all or part of the thyroid gland. Papillary thyroid carcinoma can spread through the body’s lymphatic system to lymph nodes in the neck adjacent to the thyroid gland and beyond, and surgical removal of these lymph nodes may also be required. In more advanced cases it may spread to the lungs.
Tratamiento con yodo radiactivo
Once surgical treatment is complete, radioactive iodine treatment is administered. El tratamiento con yodo radiactivo implica tomar una píldora que se dirige al tejido tiroideo restante y lo elimina después de la cirugía.
Quimioterapia o radiación externa
En casos muy poco frecuentes, quizás sea necesaria la quimioterapia o la radioterapia de rayos externos para tratar una enfermedad extendida o residual.
Médicos y proveedores que tratan el cáncer papilar tiroideo pediátrico
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Perrin White, MD Endocrinología pediátrica -
Soumya Adhikari, MD Endocrinología pediátrica -
Abha Choudhary, MD Endocrinología pediátrica -
Ximena Lopez, MD Endocrinología pediátrica -
Ellen Grishman, MD Endocrinología pediátrica -
Melissa Ham, MD Endocrinología pediátrica -
Huay-Lin Lo, MD Endocrinología pediátrica -
Muniza Mogri, MD Endocrinología pediátrica -
Sudha Mootha, MD Endocrinología pediátrica -
Nivedita Patni, MD Endocrinología pediátrica -
Amanda Shaw, MD Endocrinología pediátrica -
Ming Yang, MD Endocrinología pediátrica
Preguntas frecuentes
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¿Cuál es el pronóstico de un paciente que recibe un diagnóstico de cáncer papilar tiroideo?
Papillary thyroid carcinoma tends to grow slowly and respond well to treatment. The overall prognosis for pediatric patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma is excellent. Individual prognosis depends on multiple factors, particularly whether or not the disease has spread outside of the thyroid gland.
Even with disease that has spread outside of the thyroid gland, papillary thyroid carcinoma remains very treatable. Still, persistent and recurrent disease is more common in the pediatric population and may present even decades after initial treatment and a long period during which there was no evidence of disease. For this reason, multiple procedures and multiple radioactive iodine treatments may be required and long-term follow-up is critical.
While recurrent disease is actually more common in children than in adults, the outcomes in pediatric patients with recurrence are actually better. With appropriate treatment, most patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma can expect a long and fulfilling life.
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¿Qué puede esperar un paciente después del tratamiento para el cáncer papilar tiroideo?
Patients will need close follow-up to monitor for disease recurrence after surgery. Thyroid hormone replacement therapy is generally taken by mouth for the rest of the patient’s life to replace the hormone that the body needs but can no longer produce once the gland has been removed.
